7 research outputs found

    Impact du financement sur la production scientifique des chercheurs Ă  l’échelle des individus en nanotechnologie au QuĂ©bec

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    «RÉSUMÉ Ce travail mesure l’impact du financement public et privĂ© sur la production scientifique des chercheurs en nanotechnologie au QuĂ©bec. Cet impact est mesurĂ© sur la production quantitative reprĂ©sentĂ©e par le nombre d’articles publiĂ©s, et la production qualitative exprimĂ©e par le nombre de citations reçues. L’approche utilisĂ©e est quantitative selon des modĂšles statistiques. Elle se base sur les informations extraites depuis les bases bibliomĂ©triques : SCOPUS pour les publications, USPTO pour les brevets et SIRU pour les donnĂ©es de financements. Une intĂ©gration des diffĂ©rentes sources de donnĂ©es a Ă©tĂ© entreprise afin d’aboutir Ă  un ensemble de donnĂ©es uniforme qui lie un chercheur en particulier aux financements qu’il a reçus, les publications et leurs citations, et les brevets pour une annĂ©e dĂ©terminĂ©e. De plus, nous avons utilisĂ© les relations de copublication pour construire le rĂ©seau des co-auteurs et calculer les mesures de rĂ©seaux correspondantes. Ces mesures sont par la suite introduites par annĂ©e et par chercheur dans l’ensemble des donnĂ©es. DiffĂ©rents modĂšles statistiques ont Ă©tĂ© testĂ©s pour lier l’impact du financement au nombre de publications et aux citations qu’elles reçoivent, ceci par individu par annĂ©e. Nous avons utilisĂ© plusieurs types de modĂšles afin de comparer les diffĂ©rents rĂ©sultats selon les hypothĂšses Ă©conomĂ©triques adoptĂ©es. En addition, diffĂ©rentes combinaisons des variables ont Ă©tĂ© testĂ©s pour construire les modĂšles les plus robustes. Les rĂ©sultats indiquent qu’un effet du financement public existe sur la quantitĂ© et la qualitĂ© de la production scientifique des chercheurs. Cet effet suit une courbe en J ou en U. Cet effet est principalement celui des fonds publics destinĂ©s aux activitĂ©s de fonctionnements comme l’entretien des Ă©quipements. Pour leur part, les fonds pour les infrastructures augmentent les chances d’un chercheur d’obtenir des fonds de fonctionnement. Le financement privĂ© n’a pas d’effet sur la production scientifique des individus. Par contre, le brevetage a un effet sous forme d’une courbe en U inversĂ©e sur la productivitĂ© des chercheurs. De plus, nos modĂšles indiquent qu’une position plus centrale du chercheur dans le rĂ©seau de copublication augmente autant le nombre d’articles publiĂ©s que le nombre de citations reçues. L’effet de clique a un effet en U inversĂ©. DĂ©passĂ© un certain seuil, travailler dans des rĂ©seaux oĂč les cliques sont plus denses diminue la productivitĂ© individuelle des chercheurs.----------ABSTRACT This work measures the impact of public and private funding on scientific production of researchers in nanotechnology in Quebec. This impact is measured on the production quantity represented by the number of articles published, and the production quality expressed by the number of citations received. Our quantitative statistical approach is based on information extracted from bibliometric databases: SCOPUS for publications, USPTO for patents and SIRU for funding data. Integration of different data sources was undertaken in order to achieve a uniform database that links an individual researcher to his received funding, publications and citations, and patents in a given year. In addition, we used the co-publishing relationships to build the network of co-authors and calculate the corresponding network measures. These measures are then inserted by year by a researcher in the uniform database. Different time related statistical models were tested for binding the impact of funding to the number of publications and citations they receive, this per individual per year. We used several types of models to compare the different results depending on the econometric assumptions. In addition, different combinations of variables were tested to built the most robust models. The results indicate that an effect of public funding exists on the quantity and quality of scientific production of researchers. This effect follows a J-curve or U-curve. This effect is mainly one of public funds for research operations. The funds for infrastructure increase the likelihood of a researcher to obtain operating funds; this effect is moderated by the presence of private funds. In particular, private financing has no effect on the scientific output of individuals. The patenting effect follows an inverted-U shaped curve. In addition, our models indicate that a more central position of the researcher in the co-publishing network increases both the number of articles published that the number of citations received. The effect of clique has an inverted U-shaped curve. Collaborating in networks where the cliques are denser is beneficial to the research production, but to a certain threshold. After which, more cliquish position reduces the productivity of individual researchers

    Contextualisation et conceptualisation de la planification collaborative des projets de transformation d’affaires

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    RÉSUMÉ: Les projets deviennent des plus en plus collaboratifs comme ils font intervenir plusieurs Ă©quipes pour livrer des produits et des systĂšmes complexes. La collaboration impose un changement aux pratiques de gestion de projets afin de mieux gĂ©rer les relations entre les parties prenantes et contribuer efficacement aux succĂšs et performance des projets. Plus spĂ©cifiquement, la planification est identifiĂ©e dans la littĂ©rature comme une pratique centrale Ă  la gestion de projets qui influence l’efficacitĂ© de la collaboration. Cela dit, la littĂ©rature sur la planification collaborative en gestion de projets est peu dĂ©veloppĂ©e comparativement Ă  d’autres domaines de recherche comme la gestion des chaines logistiques. De plus, la majoritĂ© des Ă©tudes sur la gestion collaborative des projets portent sur les projets d’ingĂ©nierie et construction. Comme le contexte influence la comprĂ©hension des pratiques et phĂ©nomĂšnes observĂ©s, l’étude d’autres contextes de projets offre des opportunitĂ©s pour dĂ©velopper les pratiques de gestion collaborative des projets, plus spĂ©cifiquement la planification collaborative. Cette thĂšse vise Ă  explorer la nature et les caractĂ©ristiques de la planification collaborative dans le contexte des projets de transformation d’affaires. Cette Ă©tude a Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ©e en partenariat avec une entreprise industrielle. La mĂ©thodologie de recherche adoptĂ©e est exploratoire et en deux phases. Une recherche-action participative a permis d’étudier et comparer des cadres de transformations d’affaires existants dans la littĂ©rature, et l’élaboration d’un cadre de gestion de transformation adaptĂ© au contexte du partenaire industriel. Ensuite, une approche par Ă©tude de cas multiples a permis l’analyse des processus actuels de planification des projets de transformation d’affaires. De plus, les dimensions et exigences de la planification collaborative dans ce contexte ont Ă©tĂ© identifiĂ©s. Ces rĂ©sultats sont discutĂ©s Ă  la lumiĂšre de la littĂ©rature et les spĂ©cificitĂ©s du contexte organisationnel. Cette thĂšse contribue au dĂ©veloppement de la pratique de la planification collaborative en gestion de projets, et Ă  la littĂ©rature sur la contextualisation des projets en Ă©tudiant les projets de transformation d’affaires et en proposant une adaptation Ă  un contexte organisationnel spĂ©cifique. Les conclusions de cette recherche restent limitĂ©es aux cas Ă©tudiĂ©s et le contexte organisationnel choisi. Étendre le nombre de cas et d’organisations Ă©tudiĂ©s est une opportunitĂ© pour des recherches futures sur le sujet de la planification collaborative en gestion de projet.----------ABSTRACT: Projects are becoming increasingly collaborative as they include multiple teams to deliver complex products and systems. Collaboration imposes changes to project management practices to enhance the coordination of relations between stakeholders and contribute efficiently to the success and performance of projects. Specifically, planning has been recognized as a central practice to project management which has an important influence on the efficiency of collaborative work during the project. Nevertheless, project management literature has few studies exploring the concept of collaborative planning comparatively with other research fields like supply chain management. In addition, the majority of research on collaborative project management was performed for engineering and construction projects. As contexts influence the understanding and application of concepts, the study of other project contexts offers opportunities to explore and develop collaborative project practices, more specifically collaborative planning. The objective of this thesis is to explore the nature and characteristics of collaborative planning in the context of business transformation projects. This study was conducted in partnership with an industrial organization. The research methodology applied has two phases. First, a participative action research approach allowed for an understanding of the industrial partner’s organizational context. It also led to the analysis and comparison of business transformation frameworks in the literature which supported the development and adaptation of a business transformation framework specific to the industrial partner’s context. Second, a multiple case study approach led to the analysis of current planning processes in the business transformation cases selected. Then, the dimensions and requirements of collaborative planning were identified. These results are discussed in light of the existing literature and specificities of the context of study. This thesis contributes to the development of collaborative planning practice in project management and to the literature on projects’ contextualization by studying business transformation projects and proposing a framework adaptation to a specific organization. This research’s conclusions are limited to the cases and organization selected. Extending the research approach to cover more cases and organizations represents an opportunity for future research efforts

    Impact of public and private research funding on scientific production: The case of nanotechnology

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    This article measures the impact of public grants, private contracts and collaboration on the scientific production of Canadian nanotechnology academics. The paper estimates a time-related model of the impact of academic research financing and network structure on the research output of individual academics measured by the number of papers. Results suggest that the effect of individual public funding follows a J-shaped curve. Although contracts have no effects, the impact of patenting follows an inverted-U shaped curve. In addition, a strong central position in the past collaborative network has a positive effect on research output

    Impact of research funding on nanobiotechnology scientific production: does concentration in a few universities make sense

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    Atlanta Conference on Science and Innovation Policy 2011This material is presented to ensure timely dissemination of scholarly and technical work. Copyright and all rights therein are retained by authors or by other copyright holders. All persons copying this information are expected to adhere to the terms and constraints invoked by each author's copyright. In most cases, these works may not be reposted without the explicit permission of the copyright holder. ©2011 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from the IEEE.This study measures the impact of university-funded research and collaboration on scientific production of Canadian nanobiotechnology academics. Results suggest that individual funding and a strong position in the past collaborative network has a positive effect on research output, but that contracts do not have a negative influence on publication.SSHRC, CIH
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